NCERT Class 9 Textbook Changes: The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has added two new chapters to the Economics section of its Class 9 Social Science textbook. The chapters will teach students about handling money, investing, paying taxes and starting a business.
The two chapters are titled ‘Managing Your Personal Finances’ and ‘From Ideas to Startups’. Both focus on practical knowledge that students can use in their daily lives and in the future.
The chapter teaches students five basic money skills: earning, budgeting, saving, investing and managing risks. It explains different investment options like fixed deposits, government savings schemes, bonds, stocks and mutual funds. Students will also learn about inflation, compound interest and investment risks. It also covers insurance, loans, credit and EMIs.
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Online apps and social media have made investment information easier to access. AMFI data shows that mutual fund SIP collections reached ₹32,490 crore in September 2026, even though the Nifty and Sensex had seen weak returns since September 2024.
The second chapter, ‘From Ideas to Startups’, focuses on entrepreneurship. It uses examples from Indian businesses to explain how a business idea can grow into a working company.
Students will learn how to prepare a business plan and understand the different jobs involved in running a business. The chapter also introduces basic accounting, including profit-and-loss accounts. It covers India’s startup ecosystem and explains how micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) help create jobs and support economic growth.
The official NCERT syllabus also includes examples of successful entrepreneurs, the Startup India and Make in India initiatives and the role of the unorganised sector.
These additions are part of the wider changes being made to school education under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE) 2023. The new approach gives more attention to practical skills and subjects such as artificial intelligence (AI) and computational thinking (CT).
A separate CT and AI curriculum was introduced for Classes 3 to 8 in the 2026-27 academic year. But CBSE later dropped the planned CT and AI modules from the Class 9 curriculum for the current academic session.
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Sanjeev Sanyal, a member of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister, spoke about the new chapters in a post on X on Tuesday.
“The economics segment of the recently introduced NCERT textbooks for Social Science (Grade 9, Part 2) now has a chapter on personal finance. Students are taught basics about fixed deposits, mutual funds, EMI, taxes, risk-return and so on. The idea is to provide them with useful life skills,” Sanyal said in his post.
He also welcomed the way the entrepreneurship chapter presents business and innovation. “Most importantly, it presents risk-taking, innovation and business as a positive activity – quite different from how previous textbooks portrayed it (with emphasis on “hoarding” and “black-markets”),” Sanyal added.
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