Patna, October 17, 2025: Bihar Legislative Assembly with 243 seats is still the mirror of the political landscape that is complicated and fragmented in the state. The next state government might be decided by the distribution of seats of parties and alliances at the 2025 assembly elections.
Bihar Assembly Election Composition 2025
At a glance, the ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) has 138 seats and the opposition has 105 seats. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is the major party in the NDA with 84 seats, followed by Janata Dal (United) with 48 and HAM-S, a minor ally, with 4 seats. Independents who are on the side of the government sometimes help the NDA to increase its number of seats.
The opposition alliance, which is mainly the Mahagathbandhan (MGB), is headed by Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) that has 72 seats. The Congress has 17 seats and CPI(ML) Liberation and the other left parties have the rest of the seats, which in total make up 105.
Current Composition of the Bihar Assembly (17th Assembly)
As background, the Bihar Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) comprises 243 seats.
The current (17th) Bihar Assembly, formed after the 2020 elections and adjusted by later changes, has the following rough alliance split:
Government / NDA side: 138 seats
Opposition side: 105 seats
Breaking down further, within the NDA coalition:
- BJP holds about 84 seats
- JD(U) has approximately 48 seats
- HAM-S (Hindustani Awam Morcha) contributes about 4 seats
Independents or supporting MLAs sometimes tilt toward the NDA camp.
On the opposition / Mahagathbandhan (MGB) side:
- RJD is the largest party in the opposition alliance with about 72 MLAs.
- Congress (INC) holds around 17 seats.
- CPI(ML) (Liberation) has about 11 MLAs.
Smaller left parties (CPI, CPI(M)) also have a couple of seats each.
Thus, the current composition is: 138 (NDA / government side) vs 105 (opposition side) in the 243-member house.
Political Shifts Since 2020
Bihar reconfigured its political equations after the 2020 elections with occasional shifts, alliance reshuffles and the rise of new players. One of the most eye-catching features is Prashant Kishor’s Jan Suraaj Party (JSP), which plans to contest all 243 seats, thereby indicating a potential multi-cornered contest.
Small regional parties like AIMIM and Janshakti Janata Dal (JJD) might become the kingmakers regarding vote shares in marginal constituencies, thereby making the electoral arithmetic even more complex.
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Bihar Assembly Election Composition 2025: NDA and Opposition Strategies
The NDA has come to a decision on a seat-sharing plan according to which BJP and JD(U) are to be granted 101 seats each, and the remainder is to be shared by the likes of LJP, RLM, and HAM. The analysts point out that BJP is becoming more and more aggressive in Bihar, which may be a sign that it is preparing to take over the Chief Minister’s post.
The opposition is having a tough time figuring out internal seat-sharing among RJD, Congress, VIP, and Left parties. There is information that VIP will be allotted about 15 seats and CPI(ML) 20, while RJD will still be the mainstay of the alliance. Success will be largely dependent on the level of coordination and the choice of candidates.
Bihar Assembly Election 2025 Predictions
Public opinion surveys point to a comfortable NDA victory. However, factors such as anti-incumbency and fragmented contests could result in a much narrower lead. The primary effect of such newcomers as JSP could be the splitting of votes in the most important constituencies thereby making it impossible to predict the outcome. The most influential factors, on the other hand, will still be castes, local issues and welfare schemes that operate at the grassroots level.
As the elections are getting closer, the political scenario in Bihar is still changing. Even though the NDA is in a position to benefit from the current situation, the next government will, in all probability, be determined by alliances, voter turnout, and the effectiveness of campaigning in the coming weeks.
